Bina Hukum Lingkungan https://bhl-jurnal.or.id/index.php/bhl <p><strong>Bina Hukum Lingkungan (BHL)</strong> is a scientific periodical published by the <a href="https://bhl-jurnal.or.id/index.php/bhl/phli" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Asosiasi Pembina Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia</a> (PHLI) published three times a year in October, February, and June.<br />BHL is a publication medium for academics and practitioners to publish research articles and conceptual review articles in the field of environmental law (national and international).<br />The scope of studies in Bina Hukum Lingkungan includes legal aspects: Spatial Planning; Agrarian; Forestry; Mining; Energy, Mineral Resources and Coal; Local Wisdom; Environmental Disputes; Marine and Fisheries; Biodiversity; Climate Change; Housing; Water Resources.</p> <p>BHL Journal is accredited by Ristekdikti with an Accreditation rating of <a title="Akeditasi" href="https://sinta.kemdikbud.go.id/journals/profile/3930" target="_blank" rel="noopener">SINTA 2</a> Accredited Until Volume 11 Number 4 Year 2026 Decision letter file <a title="SK Re-Areditasi" href="https://storage.googleapis.com/arjuna-files/file/info/Pemberitahuan_Hasil_Akreditasi_Jurnal_Ilmiah_Periode_IV_Tahun_2022_(Revisi).pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">PDF</a><br /><br /><strong>P-ISSN:</strong> <a title="P-Issn" href="https://issn.brin.go.id/terbit/detail/1465201045" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2541-2353</a><br /><strong>E-ISSN:</strong> <a title="E-ISSN" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/2541-531X" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2541-531X</a><br /><strong>DOI:</strong> <a title="doi bhl" href="https://doi.org/10.24970/bhl" target="_blank" rel="noopener">10.24970/bhl</a><br /><strong>Publisher:</strong> <a href="https://bhl-jurnal.or.id/index.php/bhl/phli" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Asosiasi Pembina Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia</a><br /><strong>Author Guidelines:</strong> <a title="Pedoman Penulisan" href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uT6ENzGL5JBIlGnaL8vbsFR2fTBPf5eQ/view" target="_blank" rel="noopener">download</a><br /><strong>Manuscript Templete</strong>: <a title="Template Jurnal" href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Y-gxRaMnJfpZeGdNcrWLwPJYf3l4x-F-/edit" target="_blank" rel="noopener">download</a><br /><strong>Statement of Originality</strong> : <a title="Statement of Originality" href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1qdfmPIby9-EkUOhpcQo1doZai-vfeVOi/edit?usp=sharing&amp;ouid=108569484779588927172&amp;rtpof=true&amp;sd=true" target="_blank" rel="noopener">download</a></p> en-US [email protected] (Redaksi BHL) [email protected] (Agus Sumpena) Fri, 12 Jun 2026 13:30:12 +0700 OJS 3.3.0.19 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 Konsep Penegakan Hukum Penataan Ruang Pemagaran Laut Prespektif Otonomi Daerah https://bhl-jurnal.or.id/index.php/bhl/article/view/486 <p><strong>ABSTRAK<br /></strong>Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan konsep penegakan hukum penataan ruang pemagaran laut perspektif otonomi daerah yang merupakan salah satu program Asta Cita Indonesia Emas 2045 melalui penguatan otonomi terhadap lingkungan dan tata ruang laut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah normatif, yaitu pendekatan mengkaji aturan hukum dan fakta pemagaran ruang laut dalam perspektif otonomi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, kasus pemagaran ruang laut yang telah disertipikatkan dari sudut pandang hukum melanggar ketentuan konstitusi yang mengamanatkan segala kekayaan alam dikuasai oleh negara, termasuk ruang laut wilayah pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil, serta dapat digunakan oleh pihak lain melalui izin negara untuk kepentingan bersama dan tidak boleh diprivatisasi. Selain itu, tidak adanya kewenangan pemerintah daerah kabupaten/kota dalam penegakan hukum lingkungan di tingkatan awal sesuai yurisdiksinya menimbulkan permasalahan semakin luas dan menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, konsep pemerintah daerah kabupaten/kota terhadap penegakan hukum penataan ruang dengan diberikanya kewenangan tingkat awal untuk mengkualifikasi pelanggaran lingkungan dan tata ruang untuk dilakukannya proses pidana, perdata, administrasi atau sanksi dari masyarakat hukum adat. Landasan filosofi penegakan hukum lingkungan berlandaskan otonomi berfokus pada nilai keadilan lingkungan <em>(environmental justice)</em>.<br /><strong>Kata kunci:</strong> otonomi, penataan ruang, pemagaran laut, penegakan hukum.</p> <p><strong><em>ABSTRACT<br /></em></strong><em>The purpose of this study is to find the concept of law enforcement for marine fencing spatial planning from the perspective of regional autonomy, which is one of the programs of Asta Cita Indonesia Emas 2045 through strengthening autonomy towards the environment and marine spatial planning. The research method used is Normative. That is, an approach to reviewing the legal rules and facts of marine space fencing from the perspective of autonomy. Based on the research results, the case of marine space fencing that has been certified from a legal perspective violates the constitutional provisions that mandate all natural resources to be controlled by the state, this includes marine space in coastal areas and small islands, that also be used by other parties through state permits for the common good and may not be privatized. In addition, the absence of authority of the regency/city regional government in enforcing environmental law at the initial level according to its jurisdiction has caused wider problems and created uncertainty in environmental law. Therefore, the concept of the regency/city regional government regarding the enforcement of spatial planning law by being given initial level authority to qualify environmental and spatial violations for criminal, civil, administrative or sanction processes from indigenous legal communities. The philosophical basis of environmental law enforcement based on autonomy focuses on the value of environmental justice.<br /></em><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>autonomy, spatial planning, sea fencing, law enforcement.</em></p> Saeful Kholik Copyright (c) 2026 Saeful Kholik https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://bhl-jurnal.or.id/index.php/bhl/article/view/486 Fri, 05 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700 Carbon Capture Storage di Indonesia dalam Perspektif Komitmen Global dan Asas Kehati-hatian https://bhl-jurnal.or.id/index.php/bhl/article/view/482 <p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong><br />Pengaturan <em>Carbon Capture and Storage</em> (CCS) di Indonesia saat ini didasarkan pada Peraturan Presiden Nomor 14 Tahun 2024. Namun, kedudukan regulasi yang hanya setingkat perpres tanpa delegasi eksplisit dari undang-undang menciptakan kerentanan hukum, terutama dalam melegitimasi penerapan prinsip kehati-hatian (<em>precautionary principle</em>) di tengah risiko lingkungan geologis jangka panjang. Ketidakjelasan hierarki ini berpotensi memicu disharmoni dengan rezim perlindungan lingkungan hidup jika terjadi kegagalan penyimpanan. Penelitian hukum normatif ini bertujuan menganalisis konsistensi instrumen hukum tersebut terhadap kerangka regulasi lingkungan melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan dan analisis yuridis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun secara konseptual kebijakan ini selaras dengan komitmen iklim global, implementasinya terbentur larangan importasi limbah dalam Pasal 69 UU PPLH jika karbon dikategorikan sebagai limbah lintas batas. Terkait prinsip kehati-hatian, risiko CCS dinilai telah teridentifikasi dan terukur sehingga tidak memenuhi kriteria ketidakpastian ilmiah yang signifikan menurut Prinsip 15 Deklarasi Rio. Kendati demikian, mitigasi risiko tetap menuntut pengawasan ketat dan sistem pemantauan berkelanjutan demi menjamin keamanan ekologis.<br /><strong>Kata kunci:</strong> <em>carbon capture and storage</em>; karbon; mitigasi perubahan iklim; pemanasan global; protokol kyoto.</p> <p><strong><em>ABSTRACT<br /></em></strong><em>The regulation of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) in Indonesia is currently governed by Presidential Regulation Number 14 of 2024. However, the regulatory standing of a Presidential Regulation lacking explicit delegation from higher-level legislation creates legal vulnerability, particularly in legitimizing the application of the precautionary principle amidst long-term geological environmental risks. This hierarchical ambiguity potentially triggers disharmony with the environmental protection regime in the event of storage failure. This normative legal research aims to analyze the consistency of this legal instrument within the environmental regulatory framework through a statutory approach and qualitative legal analysis. The results indicate that while the policy is conceptually aligned with global climate commitments, its implementation is hindered by the prohibition of waste importation under Article 69 of the Environmental Protection and Management Law (UU PPLH), should carbon be categorized as transboundary waste. Regarding the precautionary principle, CCS risks are deemed identified and measurable, thus not meeting the criteria for significant scientific uncertainty as stipulated by Principle 15 of the Rio Declaration. Nevertheless, risk mitigation continues to demand strict oversight and continuous monitoring systems to ensure ecological safety.<br /></em><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>carbon capture and storage; carbon; climate change mitigation; global warming; kyoto protocol</em><em>.</em></p> Imamulhadi, Rafan Darodjat Copyright (c) 2026 Imamulhadi, Rafan Darodjat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://bhl-jurnal.or.id/index.php/bhl/article/view/482 Fri, 05 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700 Celah Hukum dalam Sistem Pengelolaan Limbah di Indonesia: Perspektif Green Criminology https://bhl-jurnal.or.id/index.php/bhl/article/view/483 <p><strong>ABSTRAK<br /></strong>Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup mewajibkan negara menjamin sistem pengelolaan limbah yang melindungi keberlanjutan ekosistem. Namun, kajian yang ada masih lebih banyak berfokus pada implementasi dan penegakan hukum, sehingga belum memadai untuk menjelaskan bagaimana struktur hukum di Indonesia justru menyisakan celah regulasi yang memungkinkan berlangsungnya praktik destruktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dua bentuk utama celah hukum dalam sistem pengelolaan limbah, yaitu ambiguitas dalam klasifikasi limbah dan fragmentasi kelembagaan dalam pengawasan, serta menganalisisnya melalui pendekatan kriminologi hijau. Metode penelitian menggunakan penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual dalam perspektif <em>green criminology</em> untuk menjelaskn sejauh mana bahaya ekologi dapat terjadi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur hukum yang longgar dan prosedural tidak mampu menandai batas teknis antara limbah berbahaya dan bahan baku industri, serta gagal menciptakan sistem pengawasan yang terkoordinasi lintas institusi. Dalam kondisi ini, kejahatan lingkungan tidak dilakukan melalui pelanggaran eksplisit, melainkan berlangsung melalui mekanisme legal yang disediakan oleh desain regulasi. Pendekatan <em>green criminology</em> menegaskan bahwa negara bertindak sebagai fasilitator impunitas ekologis melalui hukum yang permisif terhadap tekanan ekonomi. Oleh karena itu, reformulasi struktural terhadap orientasi hukum menjadi prasyarat untuk membatasi kerusakan ekologis yang berlangsung sebagai bentuk kekerasan terstruktur dan dilegitimasi secara hukum.<br /><strong>Kata kunci:</strong> celah hukum; <em>green criminology</em>; pengelolaan limbah.</p> <p><strong><em>ABSTRACT<br /></em></strong><em>Law Number 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management obliges the state to ensure a waste management system that protects ecological sustainability. However, existing studies still focus more on implementation and law enforcement, and are therefore not yet sufficient to explain how Indonesia’s legal structure itself leaves regulatory loopholes that allow destructive practices to persist. This study aims to identify two main forms of legal loopholes in the waste management system, namely ambiguity in waste classification and institutional fragmentation in supervision, and to analyse them through a green criminology approach. This research employs a normative legal method with a conceptual approach from the perspective of green criminology to explain the extent to which ecological harm may occur. The findings show that a loose and procedural legal structure is unable to define the technical boundary between hazardous waste and industrial raw materials, while also failing to establish a coordinated system of supervision across institutions. Under these conditions, environmental crime does not occur through explicit violations, but rather through legal mechanisms enabled by regulatory design. From a green criminology perspective, the state acts as a facilitator of ecological impunity through laws that remain permissive toward economic pressures. Therefore, a structural reformulation of legal orientation is required as a prerequisite for limiting ecological harm that persists as a form of structured violence legitimated by law.<br /></em><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>green criminology</em><em>; </em><em>r</em><em>egulatory </em><em>l</em><em>oophole; </em><em>w</em><em>aste </em><em>g</em><em>overnance.</em></p> Nur Fadhilah Mappaselleng, Zul Khaidir Kadir Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Fadhilah Mappaselleng, Zul Khaidir Kadir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://bhl-jurnal.or.id/index.php/bhl/article/view/483 Fri, 12 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700 Kesiapan Transformasi Penambang Tradisional menuju Pengolahan Emas Bebas Merkuri di Banyumas dalam Kerangka Konvensi Minamata https://bhl-jurnal.or.id/index.php/bhl/article/view/508 <p><strong>ABSTRAK<br /></strong>Komitmen Indonesia untuk mengimplementasikan Konvensi Minamata 2013 menjadi dasar upaya nasional menghapus penggunaan merkuri, termasuk pada Penambangan Emas Skala Kecil (PESK). Meski ratifikasi melalui UU No. 11 Tahun 2017 dan implementasi RAN-PPM telah dilakukan, praktik di daerah masih menghadapi hambatan sosial, ekonomi, dan kelembagaan, terutama di wilayah PETI seperti Kecamatan Gumelar, Ajibarang, dan Pekuncen di Kabupaten Banyumas. Penelitian ini menganalisis kesiapan penambang tradisional Banyumas dalam bertransformasi menuju pengolahan emas bebas merkuri melalui pendekatan mixed methods, menggabungkan analisis normatif terhadap Konvensi Minamata, UU Minerba, UUPPLH, serta PP No. 96 Tahun 2021, dan wawancara empiris di Desa Paningkaban, sebagai wilayah dengan tingkat aktivitas pertambangan terbanyak di Banyumas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lebih dari 80% penambang telah meninggalkan merkuri dan beralih ke sianida atau teknologi konsentrasi gravitasi karena alasan teknis dan efektivitas ekstraksi. Meskipun beberapa wilayah seperti Pancurendang, Paningkaban, dan Cihonje telah memperoleh dasar WPR, keberadaan WPR belum otomatis menghasilkan legalitas substantif karena perolehan IPR masih belum terkonfirmasi secara efektif, disertai kompleksitas prosedur, lemahnya pendampingan teknis, serta belum optimalnya pengawasan lingkungan dan reklamasi. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa kepatuhan Indonesia terhadap Konvensi Minamata masih bersifat <em>pragmatic compliance</em>—yakni pemenuhan kewajiban formal pada tingkat kebijakan, tetapi belum sepenuhnya menghasilkan perubahan substantif di tingkat komunitas penambang.<br /><strong>Kata kunci:</strong> kesiapan transisi; merkuri; pertambangan emas skala kecil;<em> pragmatic compliance</em>; wilayah pertambangan rakyat.</p> <p><strong><em>ABSTRACT<br /></em></strong><em>Indonesia’s commitment to implementing the 2013 Minamata Convention provides the foundation for national efforts to eliminate mercury use, including in Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining (ASGM). Although Indonesia has ratified the Convention through Law No. 11 of 2017 and adopted the National Action Plan for Mercury Reduction and Elimination (RAN-PPM), local practices continue to face social, economic, and institutional barriers, particularly in PETI areas such as Gumelar, Ajibarang, and Pekuncen Districts in Banyumas Regency. This study analyzes the readiness of traditional miners in Banyumas to transform toward mercury-free gold processing using a mixed-methods approach, combining normative analysis of the Minamata Convention, the Mining Law, the Environmental Protection Law, and Government Regulation No. 96 of 2021 with empirical interviews conducted in Paningkaban Village, one of the areas with the highest mining activity in Banyumas. The findings show that more than 80% of miners have abandoned mercury and shifted to cyanidation or gravity concentration technologies due to technical considerations and extraction efficiency. Although several areas, such as Pancurendang, Paningkaban, and Cihonje, have obtained a legal basis through WPR designation, the existence of WPR has not automatically produced substantive legality, as the effective acquisition of IPR remains unconfirmed, accompanied by procedural complexity, weak technical assistance, and suboptimal environmental supervision and reclamation. These findings indicate that Indonesia’s compliance with the Minamata Convention remains a form of pragmatic compliance—namely, the fulfillment of formal obligations at the policy level without fully producing substantive change within mining communities.<br /></em><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>artisanal and small-scale gold mining; mercury; pragmatic compliance; transition readiness; people’s mining area.</em></p> Baginda Khalid Hidayat Jati, Lintang Ario Pambudi, Bahar Elfudllatsani, Agus Mardianto Copyright (c) 2026 Baginda Khalid Hidayat Jati, Lintang Ario Pambudi, Bahar Elfudllatsani, Agus Mardianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://bhl-jurnal.or.id/index.php/bhl/article/view/508 Fri, 12 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700 Integrasi Qanun dan Kearifan Lokal dalam Perlindungan Gajah Sumatera: Studi Penanganan Interaksi Negatif “Abang Kul” di Kantong Gajah Liar Gayo https://bhl-jurnal.or.id/index.php/bhl/article/view/548 <p><strong>ABSTRAK<br /></strong>Intensitas interaksi negatif gajah-manusia di Dataran Tinggi Gayo berakar pada persoalan struktural berupa hilangnya habitat dan fragmentasi koridor jelajah gajah akibat alih fungsi lahan hutan menjadi area perkebunan dan permukiman. Inefisiensi penegakan hukum dalam manajemen dampak ekologis ini memicu situasi kritis yang mengancam keselamatan manusia dan perlindungan satwa liar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keterbatasan implementasi Qanun Nomor 11 Tahun 2019 dalam merespons dinamika interaksi negatif gajah-manusia. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kajian hukum empiris melalui pendekatan <em>sosio-legal</em> dengan metode kualitatif untuk mengonstruksi model integrasi kearifan lokal ke dalam kerangka hukum formal sebagai solusi atas diskoneksi antara hukum positif dan realitas sosiologis di tingkat tapak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan Qanun Nomor 11 Tahun 2019 dalam penanganan interaksi negatif dinilai belum optimal sementara kearifan lokal <em>Abang Kul</em> sebagai pranata <em>living law</em> secara empiris memiliki efektivitas dalam langkah mitigasi interaksi negatif. Studi ini memberikan kontribusi pada diskursus pluralisme hukum lingkungan dengan menawarkan model koeksistensi adaptif sebagai solusi atas keterbatasan hukum positif.<br /><strong>Kata kunci:</strong> abang kul; budaya gayo; gajah sumatera; interaksi negatif gajah-manusia; qanun.</p> <p><strong><em>ABSTRACT<br /></em></strong><em>Negative human-elephant interactions in the Gayo Highlands stem from structural issues such as habitat degradation and the fragmentation of elephant movement corridors resulting from the conversion of forests into plantation and settlement areas. The ineffectiveness of the regulatory framework in mitigating these ecological impacts has triggered a critical situation that threatens human safety and wildlife conservation. This study aims to analyze the limitations of the implementation of Qanun No. 11 of 2019 in addressing the dynamics of negative elephant-human interactions through a socio-legal approach using qualitative methods to construct a model for integrating local wisdom into the formal legal framework as a solution to the disconnect between positive law and sociological realities at the grassroots level. The research results indicate that the approach of Qanun No. 11 of 2019 in addressing negative interactions is considered suboptimal, while the local wisdom of Abang Kul, as a living law institution, has been empirically shown to be effective in mitigating negative interactions. This study contributes to the discourse on environmental legal pluralism by offering a model of adaptive coexistence as a solution to the limitations of positive law.<br /></em><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>abang kul; gayo culture; sumatran elephant; negative human</em><em>-</em><em>elephant interactions; qanun.</em></p> Ghaitsa Al-Zahira Zulvita, Herlina Agustin, Gumgum Gumilar Copyright (c) 2026 Ghaitsa Al-Zahira Zulvita Zulvita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://bhl-jurnal.or.id/index.php/bhl/article/view/548 Fri, 12 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700 Dinamika Implementasi Kebijakan Pengaturan Pengelolaan Sampah di Kota Denpasar Provinsi Bali https://bhl-jurnal.or.id/index.php/bhl/article/view/554 <p><strong>Abstrak<br /></strong>Kota Denpasar menghadapi paradoks antara citra pariwisata yang bersih dan harmonis dengan tingginya volume sampah yang terus meningkat. Implementasi berbagai kebijakan pengelolaan sampah belum mampu mengatasi tren kenaikan timbulan sampah, mengindikasikan adanya kesenjangan antara desain kebijakan dan pelaksanaan di lapangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dinamika implementasi kebijakan pengelolaan sampah di Kota Denpasar dengan menggunakan pendekatan teori Edward III. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan informan kunci, observasi nonpartisipan di bank sampah dan TPS3R, serta studi dokumen. Analisis data mengikuti model interaktif Miles, Huberman, dan Saldana dengan triangulasi untuk keabsahan data. Temuan menunjukkan implementasi kebijakan belum optimal karena komunikasi yang masih bersifat <em>top-down</em> dan kurang melibatkan nilai budaya, sumber daya manusia, finansial, dan teknologi yang terbatas, disposisi di mana masyarakat belum sepenuhnya mendukung akibat perilaku buang sampah sembarangan, dan struktur birokrasi yang hierarkis dan kurang kolaboratif antar pemangku kepentingan. Kesimpulan dan implikasinya yaitu implementasi kebijakan pengelolaan sampah di Kota Denpasar menghadapi tantangan multidimensi. Diperlukan pendekatan terintegrasi yang memadukan komunikasi partisipatif berbasis budaya, pembiayaan inovatif, penguatan modal sosial-kultural, dan restrukturisasi tata kelola kolaboratif (model <em>penta-helix</em>) untuk mencapai pengelolaan sampah yang berkelanjutan.<br /><strong>Kata kunci:</strong> implementasi kebijakan; kebijakan publik; pengelolaan sampah.</p> <p><strong><em>ABSTRACT<br /></em></strong><em>The city of Denpasar faces a paradox between its image of pristine, harmonious tourism and the escalating volume of waste, which continues to grow. Implementing various waste management policies has failed to curb the rising trend in waste generation, revealing a gap between policy formulation and practical execution. This study analyzes the dynamics of waste management policy implementation in Denpasar City using the Edward III theoretical framework. A qualitative case study design was employed, and data were collected through in-depth interviews with key informants, non-participant observations at waste banks and TPS3R facilities, and document review. Data analysis used the interactive model developed by Miles, Huberman, and Saldana, with triangulation techniques to ensure data validity. The results indicate that policy implementation is suboptimal due to predominantly top-down communication that neglects cultural values; limited human, financial, and technological resources; incomplete community engagement regarding littering behaviors; and a hierarchical, less collaborative bureaucratic structure among stakeholders. The conclusions and implications suggest that the challenges of implementing waste management policies in Denpasar City are multifaceted. An integrated strategic approach—comprising culturally based participatory communication, innovative financial mechanisms, strengthening socio-cultural capital, and restructuring collaborative governance through the penta-helix model—is essential for achieving sustainable waste management practices.<br /></em><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>policy implementation; public policy; waste management.</em></p> I Putu Dharmanu Yudartha, Sri Suwitri, Teguh Yuwono Copyright (c) 2026 Putu Dharmanu Yudartha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://bhl-jurnal.or.id/index.php/bhl/article/view/554 Fri, 12 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700 Efektivitas Penegakan Hukum Lingkungan terhadap Pengawasan Limbah Radioaktif di Kawasan Industri Cikande Banten https://bhl-jurnal.or.id/index.php/bhl/article/view/506 <p><strong>ABSTRAK<br /></strong>Kasus kontaminasi radioaktif Cesium-137 yang ditemukan di Kawasan Industri Modern Cikande, Banten, menjadi bukti nyata lemahnya efektivitas penegakan hukum lingkungan di Indonesia, khususnya dalam pengawasan dan pengelolaan limbah radioaktif yang berpotensi membahayakan manusia dan ekosistem. Penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya mengenai penegakan hukum lingkungan belum banyak membahas secara mendalam tentang efektivitas pengawasan limbah radioaktif, terutama pada kawasan industri yang diawasi oleh lembaga teknis seperti BAPETEN dan KLHK. Penelitian ini berfokus pada pertanyaan bagaimana efektivitas penegakan hukum lingkungan terhadap pengawasan limbah radioaktif di kawasan industri Indonesia dengan studi kasus pada peristiwa Cikande. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan teori efektivitas hukum Soerjono Soekanto yang menitikberatkan pada aspek substansi hukum, struktur kelembagaan, dan budaya hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun perangkat hukum seperti Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup dan Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1997 tentang Ketenaganukliran telah mengatur secara komprehensif mengenai pengawasan limbah radioaktif, implementasinya di lapangan masih menghadapi berbagai kendala. Lemahnya koordinasi antar instansi, keterlambatan deteksi dini, dan belum terintegrasinya sistem pelaporan antar lembaga pengawas menjadikan pengawasan tidak berjalan optimal. Selain itu, sanksi yang diterapkan masih bersifat administratif dan belum konsisten menerapkan mekanisme pencegahan dini (<em>precautionary principle</em>), sehingga tidak menimbulkan efek jera bagi pelaku industri. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa efektivitas penegakan hukum lingkungan terhadap pengawasan limbah radioaktif hanya dapat tercapai apabila terdapat sinergi antar lembaga, penguatan kelembagaan, penerapan sistem pengawasan berbasis teknologi informasi, serta peningkatan kesadaran dan partisipasi masyarakat dalam menjaga lingkungan secara berkelanjutan.<br /><strong>Kata Kunci:</strong> badan pengawas tenaga nuklir; cikande; efektivitas hukum; limbah radioaktif; penegakan hukum lingkungan.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong><em>ABSTRACT<br /></em></strong><em>The case of Cesium-137 radioactive contamination discovered at the Cikande Modern Industrial Area, Banten, stands as concrete evidence of the weak effectiveness of environmental law enforcement in Indonesia, particularly in the supervision and management of radioactive waste that poses potential harm to humans and ecosystems. Prior studies on environmental law enforcement have not sufficiently examined the effectiveness of radioactive waste supervision, especially in industrial areas overseen by technical agencies such as BAPETEN and KLHK. This study focuses on the question of how effective environmental law enforcement is in supervising radioactive waste in Indonesian industrial areas, with the Cikande incident as a case study. To address this question, the study employs a normative legal approach grounded in Soerjono Soekanto's theory of legal effectiveness, which emphasizes three aspects: legal substance, institutional structure, and legal culture. The findings indicate that although legal instruments such as Law Number 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management and Law Number 10 of 1997 on Nuclear Energy have comprehensively regulated radioactive waste supervision, their implementation in the field continues to face numerous obstacles. Weak inter-agency coordination, delayed early detection, and the lack of integrated reporting systems among supervisory bodies have prevented supervision from functioning optimally. Furthermore, the sanctions applied remain predominantly administrative in nature and have not consistently implemented the precautionary principle as an early prevention mechanism, thereby failing to create adequate deterrence for industrial actors. This study affirms that effective environmental law enforcement in radioactive waste supervision can only be achieved through inter-institutional synergy, institutional capacity-building, the application of an information technology-based monitoring system, and enhanced public awareness and participation in sustaining environmental protection.<br /></em><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> nuclear supervisory agency; cikande; law effectiveness; radioactive waste; environmental law enforcement.</em></p> Muhammad Rafi Maulana Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Rafi Maulana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://bhl-jurnal.or.id/index.php/bhl/article/view/506 Fri, 12 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700 Dari Keadilan Korektif ke Keadilan Distributif: Landasan Aksiologis Prinsip Common but Differentiated Responsibility https://bhl-jurnal.or.id/index.php/bhl/article/view/507 <p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p> <p><em>Common but Differentiated Responsibility</em> (CBDR) merupakan salah satu pilar utama dalam hukum lingkungan internasional yang muncul sebagai respons terhadap tantangan perubahan iklim dan degradasi lingkungan global. Namun, permasalahan mendasar yang muncul adalah bagaimana prinsip ini memperoleh legitimasi normatifnya, khususnya ketika dihadapkan pada ketimpangan historis antara negara maju dan negara berkembang dalam pembagian beban dan tanggung jawab lingkungan. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk menelaah landasan filosofis dari prinsip CBDR dengan menelusuri pergeseran paradigma dari keadilan korektif menuju keadilan distributif. Pendekatan filsafat hukum digunakan untuk menegaskan bahwa keadilan korektif berfokus pada pemulihan kerugian akibat tindakan tertentu, sementara keadilan distributif menekankan pembagian beban secara proporsional berdasarkan kapasitas, kondisi historis, dan posisi struktural negara. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa CBDR adalah mencerminkan nilai solidaritas internasional dan asas keadilan distributif yang menuntut pembagian tanggung jawab global secara adil dan berkelanjutan lintas generasi. Dengan kerangka aksiologis, artikel ini menegaskan bahwa CBDR memiliki fondasi filosofis yang kuat dan relevan dalam mewujudkan tata kelola lingkungan global yang lebih adil, inklusif, dan berkelanjutan.</p> <p><strong>Kata kunci:</strong> <em>common but differentiated responsibility</em>; keadilan distributif; keadilan korektif.</p> <p><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong></p> <p><em>Common but Differentiated Responsibility</em><em> (CBDR) has become one of the main pillars of international environmental law, emerging as a response to the challenges of climate change and global environmental degradation. However, a fundamental issue arises regarding how this principle gains its normative legitimacy, particularly in the context of historical inequalities between developed and developing countries in the distribution of environmental burdens and responsibilities. The purpose of this article is to explore the philosophical foundations of the CBDR principle by examining the paradigm shift from corrective justice to distributive justice. Through the lens of legal philosophy, corrective justice is understood as an effort to restore losses caused by certain actions, while distributive justice emphasizes the proportional distribution of burdens and responsibilities based on states’ capacities, historical conditions, and structural positions. The findings demonstrate that CBDR is not merely a norm arising from international agreements but also reflects the values of international solidarity and distributive justice, which demand a fair and sustainable sharing of responsibilities across generations. By employing ontological, epistemological, and axiological perspectives, this article argues that CBDR has a strong philosophical foundation and remains highly relevant in shaping a more just, inclusive, and sustainable global environmental governance.</em></p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong><em>common but differentiated responsibility; corrective justice; distributive justice.</em></p> Nadia Nurani Isfarin, Agustinus Supriyanto Copyright (c) 2026 Nadia Nurani Isfarin, Agustinus Supriyanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://bhl-jurnal.or.id/index.php/bhl/article/view/507 Fri, 12 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700