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Abstract
ABSTRAK
Artikel ini mengkaji secara kritis kedudukan hukum masyarakat adat dalam sengketa tata usaha negara terkait izin lingkungan serta menilai peran dan batasan Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara (PTUN) dalam menjamin keadilan ekologis bagi komunitas adat. Dalam berbagai kasus, masyarakat adat menghadapi hambatan struktural dalam memperoleh perlindungan hukum yang memadai, antara lain akibat tidak diakuinya legal standing kolektif, minimnya pengakuan formal wilayah adat, serta pendekatan prosedural dalam pembuktian yang tidak selaras dengan karakteristik komunitas lokal. PTUN, yang secara normatif hanya memeriksa aspek administratif keputusan, belum sepenuhnya mampu menjangkau dampak substantif atas hak hidup dan kelestarian lingkungan masyarakat adat. Penelitian ini menawarkan strategi keadilan hijau sebagai pendekatan korektif terhadap keterbatasan sistem peradilan tata usaha negara, dengan merekomendasikan reformasi hukum acara PTUN, integrasi prinsip Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC), penguatan peran hakim dalam interpretasi progresif, serta perluasan akses masyarakat adat terhadap bantuan hukum dan bukti partisipatif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa transformasi regulasi dan kelembagaan sangat diperlukan untuk menjadikan PTUN sebagai forum penyelesaian sengketa yang tidak hanya legalistik, tetapi juga menjamin perlindungan hak-hak kolektif masyarakat adat dalam kerangka pembangunan berkelanjutan.
Kata kunci: keadilan hijau; masyarakat adat; izin lingkungan; peradilan tata usaha negara; FPIC.
Abstract
This article critically examines the legal standing of Indigenous peoples in administrative court disputes related to environmental permits. It assesses the role and limitations of the Administrative Court (PTUN) in safeguarding ecological justice for Indigenous communities. In various cases, Indigenous peoples face structural barriers in obtaining adequate legal protection, including the non-recognition of their collective legal standing, lack of formal recognition of customary territories, and procedural approaches to evidence that are incompatible with the sociocultural characteristics of Indigenous groups. The PTUN, which normatively focuses on the procedural legality of administrative decisions, has not yet fully accommodated the substantive impacts of environmental decisions on Indigenous rights and livelihoods. This study proposes a green justice strategy as a corrective approach to the limitations of the administrative judicial system, recommending reform of the PTUN procedural law, integration of the Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) principle, strengthened progressive interpretation by judges, and expanded access for Indigenous communities to legal aid and participatory evidence mechanisms. The analysis indicates that regulatory and institutional transformation is essential to reposition the PTUN as a dispute resolution forum that transcends legal formalism and ensures the protection of collective Indigenous rights within the framework of sustainable development.
Keywords: green justice; indigenous peoples; environmental permits; administrative court; FPIC.
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